![]() ![]() (1998), "The toroid moment of Majorana neutrino", Int. Electromagnetic interaction with parity violation. Fernandez-Corbaton et al.: On the dynamic toroidal multipoles from localized electric current distributions. : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Its magnitude along direction i is given by The lowest order toroidal term is the toroidal dipole. While electric dipoles can be understood as separated charges and magnetic dipoles as circular currents, axial (or electric) toroidal dipoles describes toroidal (donut-shaped) charge arrangements whereas polar (or magnetic) toroidal dipole (also called anapole) correspond to the field of a solenoid bent into a torus.Ĭlassical toroidal dipole moment Ī complex expression allows the current density J to be written as a sum of electric, magnetic, and toroidal moments using Cartesian or spherical differential operators. ![]() The coefficients of these terms are given by the toroidal multipole moments as well as time derivatives of the electric and magnetic multipole moments. However, additional terms arise in an electrodynamic multipole expansion. In the electrostatic multipole expansion, all charge and current distributions can be expanded into a complete set of electric and magnetic multipole coefficients. In electromagnetism, a toroidal moment is an independent term in the multipole expansion of electromagnetic fields besides magnetic and electric multipoles.
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